Guest Contributor: Brandon Waugh, Account Director – Public Sector and Enterprise, Cloud Carib
Many Caribbean leaders may argue that we are in the golden age of digital transformation, an age where data is the new currency and technological advancement is seen as the single most powerful lever for development. Governments are digitizing citizen services, financial institutions are moving services online, and businesses are shifting their operations to cloud-based systems in the name of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and innovation.
However, if we were to sit down with policymakers, CIOs, and economic planners across the region, they would likely speak about the various roadmaps and policies guiding their digital transitions, policies that promote cloud adoption, smarter governance, fintech ecosystems, and regional connectivity. While these ambitions are noble and necessary, what is often missing from the conversation is a deeper question that must be asked: Who controls the data? How secure is the data? And where does it live? Behind all this digital transformation lies a less glamorous but far more consequential issue, Data Sovereignty.
The reality is this: the Caribbean’s digital infrastructure is heavily dependent on foreign cloud and data hosting providers. Whether it's Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud, the vast majority of our region’s data, including government data, health records, and sensitive citizen information, is stored in data centers outside our jurisdiction. This creates a massive vulnerability. Data stored in the United States, for example, falls under the U.S. CLOUD Act, giving American law enforcement the legal right to access it, regardless of where the data originated. In effect, Caribbean citizens and governments are subject to other nations' legal, commercial, and national security interests without any real power to object or intervene. This is not hypothetical. It’s happening now, and the implications are far-reaching.
According to BlueNap Americas, the region’s over-reliance on external hosting providers continues to expose Caribbean governments and private sector actors to “compliance vulnerabilities, loss of control, and national security risks.” These are not just technical concerns, they are matters of sovereignty, identity, and autonomy.
In 2021, the Caribbean data center market was valued at USD 62 million, and it is projected to grow to over USD 120 million by 2027, a CAGR of 11.7%, according to Arizton Advisory. This should be a signal of opportunity. Yet, if this growth continues without deliberate investment in Caribbean-owned infrastructure, the financial benefits will continue to flow out of the region, reinforcing digital dependence rather than breaking it. Just like organizations that invest in transformation tools without addressing cultural alignment, the Caribbean is at risk of pursuing digital advancement without addressing infrastructure independence.
Let us now consider the legal readiness of the region. As of 2018, about 70% of Caribbean countries lacked comprehensive national privacy laws (source). Some countries have since made progress, but the region as a whole still lacks a unified data protection framework. Without such alignment, we will continue to find ourselves unprepared to manage data breaches, enforce digital rights, or demand accountability from foreign providers. Much like a business culture that fails to evolve alongside new frameworks, our policy culture is still catching up to the reality of a hyper-digital world.
It is important to now draw attention to a core truth that is too often overlooked: there is a direct and inseparable correlation between data sovereignty and data security.
Cloud Carib warns in Why Third-Party Vendors Could Be Putting Your Data Security at Risk, that when organizations outsource their IT and data infrastructure to foreign third parties without clear oversight, they inherit every risk and vulnerability of those providers, often without realizing it. This includes data interception, compliance issues, service downtime, and geopolitical exposure.
But here’s the issue: you can have world-class security protocols, but if your data resides in another country, you are still vulnerable.
Think of data sovereignty as owning your house, and data security as locking your doors and windows. If someone else owns the land your house is built on, they can change the rules, enter your property, or even demolish it—no matter how secure your locks are.
True data security is impossible without data sovereignty. Sovereignty ensures you have both the legal and technical power to protect your data, your people, and your future. For the Caribbean to build real resilience, it must claim both.
It’s tempting to believe that more fiber, faster cloud adoption, or even public-private partnerships alone will solve our digital problems. But as Deloitte’s Carey Oven pointed out in a 2019 report:
“Technology is definitely a part of digital transformation, but unless leaders can ‘win hearts and minds’ throughout the process, efforts can stall or be less successful than they could be.”
The Caribbean must win the hearts and minds of its own people on the matter of digital independence. We must cultivate a collective belief in the value of keeping our data within our borders and under our governance. Without that shared belief, we will continue to pursue innovation built on foundations we do not control.
If, as in Connors and Smith’s “Results Pyramid,” experiences shape beliefs, then what is the experience we are offering our governments, our businesses, and our people? Are we providing the experience of ownership, of control, of empowerment in the digital space? Or are we passively reinforcing the belief that we must always rent our digital future from someone else?
This is our moment to deliberately create the experience of sovereignty, through local data centers, regional cybersecurity alliances, sovereign cloud policies, and shared data governance principles.
Only then will we create the belief that the Caribbean can, and must, own its digital destiny.
We must act with urgency, not fear. With wisdom, not reaction. We must:
The real question now becomes: can the current regional digital culture facilitate a leap in sovereignty, autonomy, and resilience?
The answer depends on what we’re willing to believe and build, together.